Female Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Female Offenders - Essay ExampleFor some time, many social scientists have ignored the diversity of the womens room prison population and the differential treatment to which women of various backgrounds have been subjected. These omissions have affected the type of information available on women in the miserable justice dust as it relates exclusively to the issue of gender.Largely, the study of criminology has treated female offenders with some measure of indifference. This is derived from tradition culture that have been conceived in maintain esteem for mens autonomy, intelligence and force of character while disdaining women for their weaknesses of compliance and passivity. In the essay of Kerry Brave entitled Crime and Gender (2003), she enthuses that women who conform as pure, obedient daughters, wives and mothers win men and society (Feinman, 1994 16). Those women who dont, that is are non-conforming, may simply be one who questions established beliefs or practices, or one w ho engages in activities associated with men, or one who commits a crime. These women are doubly damned and doubly deviant (Bottoms, 1996 1). They are seen as mad not bad (Lloyd, 1995 36). These behaviours frequently lead to interpretations of being mentally abnormal and unstable. Those doing the defining, by the rattling act, are never defined as other, but are the norm. As men are the norm, women are deviant. Women are defined in reference to men (Lloyd, 1995 xvii). In the words of Young (1990), sexual difference is one of the ways in which normal is marked out from deviant. So why do these differences exist within the criminal justice system and society as a whole In order to understand why offending and punishment differs between genders it is important to let in and analyse past perceptions, theories and perspectives from predominant sociologists and criminologists of that time towards women in society. Given the emergence of a psychology of women in the mainstream of researc h and practice, Miller and Trapani (1995) suggested that it is critical that correctional educational practices become responsive to immature females. While in the past, few research studies focused on the postulate and characteristics of adolescent female offenders, there is some narrate from recent investigations suggesting that adolescent females have unique needs. Most correctional educational programs, assessment procedures, and curricula have been developed on a knowledge base obtained from studies conducted with adolescent male offenders. The profile of the adolescent female now emerging from psychological, educational and sociological research suggests that programmatic changes are necessary if we are to meet the special needs of these females. Although research on adolescent females is a relatively new area of study, much information is now available that points to differences between female and male adolescents. investigate has revealed that adolescent females experien ce more episodes of depression throughout adolescence than do males (Rutter, 1986), attempt suicide more frequently (Rosenthal, 1981), and exhibit lower levels of resilience (Block, 1990). As adolescence progresses, females self-confidence becomes diminished, whereas young males self-concept and self-esteem improve (American Association of University Women, 1991). Adolescent females